![]() Be sure to check the nutrition facts for each type of coffee before ordering and take into consideration your own individual tolerance level for caffeine. Whether you’re looking for Iced Coffee or a French Vanilla K Cup, you can easily find the perfect caffeine-packed drink to start your day. Overall, Dunkin Donuts offers a wide variety of coffee drinks for everyone to enjoy. Caramel Swirl Iced Coffee/Cold Brew (180-200 mg).Cinnamon Swirl Latte/Iced Latte (100 mg).Vanilla Iced Coffee/Cold Brew (95-125 mg).Mocha or Mocha Swirl Iced Coffee/Cold Brew (80-145 mg).Iced Coffee or Latte with just Iced Coffee/Cold Brew (120-150 mg).If you’re looking for something with less caffeine, try their: How much caffeine in a Medium Dunkin Coffee?Ī Medium size (16 oz) of Dunkin Coffee contains 200 mg of caffeine, making it an ideal choice for those looking for an energy boost. Each 8 oz K Cup contains 200 mg of caffeine, making it the strongest Dunkin Donuts drink available. How much caffeine in Dunkin k cup?ĭunkin Donuts K Cup pods offer an easy, convenient way to get your caffeine fix with just one cup of coffee. It sources the highest quality Arabica beans to ensure the best flavor possible. The company has established relationships with farmers in Central and South America, as well as Indonesia. Related article: Trung Nguyen Coffee From Vietnam Where does Dunkin Donuts Coffee Come From?ĭunkin Donuts’ coffee is sourced from a variety of countries, regions and farms. For example, Dunkin’s Caramel Swirl Iced Coffee contains an additional 20 mg of caffeine per 16 ounces. These flavors may contain additional caffeine and should be taken into consideration when ordering. Here’s the caffeine content for some of Dunkin’s most popular drinks:ĭunkin Donuts also offers a variety of flavors that can be added to the drinks listed above. From the smallest cup size (12 oz) up to the largest cup size (20 oz), the caffeine content in a regular cup of Dunkin’ coffee can range from 100 mg to 260 mg. Caffeine Content in Dunkin Donuts Drinksĭunkin Donuts’ coffee beverages offer a wide range of caffeine levels. So be sure to take into consideration your own tolerance level before ordering a drink with a high amount of caffeine. It’s also important to remember that everyone is different and certain drinks may affect you in different ways. You can also use the Dunkin Donuts caffeine calculator to easily find out the exact amount of caffeine in each drink. To ensure that you get the right amount of caffeine for your needs, it’s always best to check the nutrition facts before ordering any Dunkin Donuts drink. However, it’s important to note that specialty drinks such as lattes and mochas may contain significantly less caffeine than regular coffee. Other drinks that contain high amounts of caffeine include their 20 oz coffee (260 mg), Caramel Swirl Iced Coffee (180 mg) and French Vanilla K Cups (125 mg). The Dunkin Donuts drink with the highest amount of caffeine is their Dark Roast K Cup Pods, which contain 200 mg of caffeine per 8 oz cup. To help you make a more informed decision while visiting Dunkin’ Donuts, we’ve provided an overview of the caffeine content in different types of drinks below: For those looking for a caffeine kick, there’s also Dunkin’ Donuts “turbo” shots, with each one providing you with about 150 milligrams of energy-boosting goodness. Tea beverages are available in the same range of sizes and contain between 40-80 milligrams per cup. The caffeine content of Dunkin’ Donuts iced coffee and cold brew is generally a bit lower than their hot coffee, ranging from 85 to 150 milligrams per cup.Įspresso beverages-like cappuccinos and lattes-have slightly higher levels of caffeine at around 100 to 175 milligrams per cup. A small cup of regular brewed coffee contains approximately 180 milligrams (mg) of caffeine while an extra-large has about 320 mg. Generally speaking, Dunkin’ Donuts offers more caffeine than other leading coffee chains. How Much Caffeine is in a Medium Dunkin Coffee?ĭunkin’ Donuts brews each of their coffee beverages with a different amount of caffeine, based on the type and size.How Much Caffeine in Large Dunkin Coffee?.How much Caffeine in Dunkin Donuts Cold Brew?.How Much caffeine in Dunkin Donuts Decaf Coffee?.How much Caffeine in Dunkin Donuts Tea Drinks?.How much Caffeine in Dunkin Donuts Iced Coffee?.How much Caffeine is in Dunkin Donuts Coffee?.How much caffeine in a Medium Dunkin Coffee?.Where does Dunkin Donuts Coffee Come From?.Caffeine Content in Dunkin Donuts Drinks.What is Dunkin Donuts Caffeine Content ?.
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I need assistance 1 Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago I feel bad for the collab units, sounds like they havent aged all that well in JP land. Share Report Save Continue this thread level 1 1 year ago Looking at this Im still debating if I should save my shards for SDS colab or max units that can be in second tier. Without hat it takes long for Spica to start doing things where she might need to immediately. Until she can resolve some of those issues they compound her to her current tier.Īlso, as somebody mentioned, jewel costs are a thing with her. ![]() Then, her passives, jobs, and kaigan are split between Warrior and jumping, rather than all in one or the other. Spicas main problem is that she is slow and theres no real way around that. Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago At the moment I would consider something like 130 AGI to be in the slow side. If they get it, then they would probably get a tier up, but maybe not even those gates open will get them higher. Share Report Save Continue this thread level 2 1 year ago I dont know realy why all those you said are tier 3, but many of them doesnt even have G4 and G5 (some of them doesnt even have all jobs as JE), like ramses, spica and zofia. They are all nukers too, so they retain less utility unlike staple support units. Sure they may still perform fine or somewhat fine in current GL content, but fast forward our situation into JPs situation where everything has more HP and Def and attack power, and youll see just why theyre falling off.Īll of them are either lacking or will be lacking in attack power andor defensive ability needed to continue keeping up with JPs content. My guess is not having same element attacks decreases their viability but zofia,corvus, Spica and lucia do have same element attacks.īut why are they so low 1 Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago If youve been using any of those units you named, you would see that they are already falling off. Mostly current thunder all star units Meifang, teona, Lotia,corvus, Lucia, zofia placed in tier 3 and wind unit ramses, light units Spica in tier 3. Patty, what Is this some kind of sick twisted joke 1 Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago Patty became one of the best support. Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago Can you explain what are the numbers next to element names 2 Share Report Save level 2 Be Fwieds Wif Me Original Poster 1 year ago Number of units in element, 5 - 1 3 Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago It funny to see Edgar same tier level as a Genesis unit, my boi has come a long way 3 Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago Well, unlike the other weaklings he had the guts to deny the gate of truth twice.Īll with his own wits and skills, baby 6 Share Report Save Continue this thread level 1 1 year ago Gerald finally back at the top of the throne. Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago Tyrfang went up by quite a bit 3 Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago Letitsa is rank 1 That ara ara has come a long way. Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago He moved to WotV, where hes the current top tier UR in week 1, lol. ![]() 7 Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago Since Gilgamesh isnt here I will comment for him Gilgamesh: Mongrel, I am not even trying, using Ea on these hybirds is a shame to Ea. Share Report Save level 2 1 year ago MVP 2 Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago The almighty Gilgamesh, now not even worth mentioning in JP.ĭamn. Share Report Save level 2 Be Fwieds Wif Me Original Poster 1 year ago imaip: jerry 5 Share Report Save level 1 1 year ago Gerald at tier 1. I look at these banners, trying to find any remnant of the beloved one. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts Log In Sign Up User account menu 20 TsunBakas JP Tier List Update. ![]() Were dedicated to providing you the very best of the world of gaming, apps and all other tech related news, with an emphasis on latest, genuine and reliable content. If you need Tier list for any other game do let us know in the comment section. ![]() We are giving the latest and updated Alchemist Code Tier List. This site is not affiliated with Fujigumi Games or gumi Inc. Origin: Lustburg Gender: Female Height: 143cm Weight: 39kg Birthday: Jul 4 Blood Type: Type Qe Zodiac: Moon of the Shimmering Dragon Likes: Butterflies and ribbons Hobbies: Raising flowers Illust: CV. ![]() Well, assuming you want to find a treadmill that performs well and will last. There are a lot of things to consider when looking for a new treadmill and I know price is the first consideration for 99% of us.īut, no matter what price range you’re looking in, there are some specs that are just more important than the rest. To help you on your journey, this review will walk you through all the key features that make this treadmill what it is- one of the best budget treadmills on the market.īefore we get ahead of ourselves, I think we should start with a quick recap on the 3 most important specs to consider when searching for a treadmill. Because if you ask me, the only smart way to buy a treadmill is to do your research- this means examining the specs, features, and qualities of each machine and finding the best combo for your price range. What I mean is, this treadmill’s specs speak for themselves. The Horizon 7.0 AT can speak for itself- well, not literally, that would be kinda creepy in an “AI taking over the world” kind of way. ![]() Long-story-short: this is a great treadmill for this price range.īut you really shouldn’t take my word for it. What it lacks in hi-tech, superfluous features, it makes up for in muscle and durability.Īlthough it does have a few surprising features you don’t normally see on a treadmill under $1000. These particles may accumulate from font-normal treadmill use.Horizon Fitness’s 7.0 AT Treadmill is designed with one thing in mind: performance. Vacuum any black/white particles that may accumulate around the unit. Vacuum and wipe down the belt with a damp cloth.Failure to do so may result in premature failure of key electrical components. Clean the motor and lower board area to eliminate any lint or dust particles that may have accumulated.Turn off the treadmill and wait 60 seconds.Inspect all assembly bolts of the machine for proper tightness.Return the treadmill to its previous position.Wipe or vacuum any dust particles or other objects that may have accumulated underneath the treadmill. ![]() Move the treadmill to a remote location.Fold the treadmill into the upright position, making sure that the lock latch is secure.Turn off the treadmill with the on/off switch, then unplug the power cord at the wall outlet.Make sure that the treadmill belt will not damage any other components on the treadmill by being misaligned.Įvery week, clean underneath the treadmill, following these steps: ![]()
Ask, “¿Habla inglés?” if you want to know if someone speaks English. Since English is spoken so widely, chances are someone will be able to help you. It’s also helpful to learn how to ask for someone who speaks your language. To let people know you don’t speak Spanish, tell them “No hablo español.” ![]() If you’re looking for another location, substitute that place in for “el baño.”Īnother important question is “❼uánto cuesta?” or, “How much does it cost?” Lots of people say that the most important phrase to learn in a foreign language is, “Where is the bathroom?” When in Costa Rica, you can ask, “❽ónde está el baño?” Important Basic Phrases in SpanishĮven if you don’t speak any Spanish at all, there are a few phrases you might want to memorize before your trip. Taxi is the same in both Spanish and English. “Boleto” means ticket for transportation, such as a plane or train ticket. To make your request more polite, add a “por favor” at the end. A little politeness goes a long way, so remember to say please and thank you. ![]() If your Spanish is limited, try learning these important vocabulary words before your trip. People there might also speak a language that combines French, English and Spanish, called Patua or Mekatelyu. Many of them are from Jamaica, so they speak Carribean English. Lots of people in the area speak English. In the Limón Province, along the coast, you will hear a lot of languages that aren’t Spanish. For example, they say “thou” instead of “you.” Many of the people from this community now also speak Spanish. Despite their relatively recent immigration, they speak very old-fashioned English. In Monteverde, you can find descendents of an American Quaker group that moved to the area in the 1950s. The “güen” is pronounced as “gwen,” so the word can be said as ver-gwen-sa. Instead, you can say “Tengo vergüenza.” That lets people know exactly how you feel. It’s a false cognate, so it doesn’t mean what English speakers assume it does. If you’re trying to tell people that you are embarrassed, avoid making the problem worse by telling them “Estoy embarazado.” You might think you’re telling them about how silly you feel, but embarazado actually means pregnant. If you want something to take with you to the beach or the spa, ask for a “paño.” That’s how Ticos say towel. In my lovely country, however, that word means tampon. In countries other than Costa Rica, toalla means towel. Costa Ricans are different: we use “-ico” instead of “ito.” Avoid Embarrassing Mistakes For example, a perro is a dog, and a perrito is a puppy. It’s used a lot when talking to babies and children, or as a term of endearment. In Spanish, people add “-ito” to the end of words to show that something is small and/or cute. The more proper word for money is dinero. Harina and plata are both slang words for money. If someone tells you “suave,” they’re asking you to wait. For the day after, you’ll want to remember goma, so you can complain about your hangover. Remember that in Spanish the J is pronounced as an H. Jumas means a person who loves to drink all the time or a drunk. “Upe” is a word people call out to get someone’s attention, especially when calling someone out of their home or room, so this is a good one to remember. People use the word “macho” or “macha” to describe somebody with light skin and hair. Those who love soda in English will want to remember this, so you don’t get disappointed by signs that seem to be promising your favorite beverage. It’s a great place to get an authentic taste of the country. Groups of women can be called Ticas, but any mixed-gender group will be called Ticos, because of how Spanish grammar works.Ī soda is any small restaurant that serves up traditional Costa Rican food. Other Slang You’ll Hear in Costa RicaĬosta Ricans often call themselves Ticos. ![]() The phrase is contagious, and by the time you have to go home, you’ll be saying it too. Visitors love it because it embodies the calm, relaxing Costa Rican vacation that they are enjoying. People use it as a greeting to their friends, and they even use it to say goodbye.Ĭosta Ricans embrace this phrase because it represents a laid-back approach to life that focuses on the positive. It can be used to describe the general state of things, if everything is fine.įor example, if someone asks how you’re doing as you sit on the beach drinking something cold and fruity, you could tell them, “pura vida.” People use it to describe how they’re feeling or someone’s personality. The most famous Costa Rican saying is “ pura vida.” Literally translated, it means “pure life.” But in this country, it means much more than that. Check Price The Costa Rican Motto – “Pura Vida” ![]() #> year month day dep_time dep_delay arr_time arr_delay carrier tailnum This makes interactive exploration much easier. Instead, you’ll just see the first 10 rows and as many columns as will fit on screen. If you do use dplyr, this ensures that you won’t accidentally print thousands of rows of data. If you don’t use dplyr, this has no effect. NB: since the datasets are large, I’ve tagged each data frame with the tbl_df class. (Source: Bureau of transportation statistics) To help understand what causes delays, it also includes a number of other useful datasets: weather, planes, airports, airlines. nycflights13::flights: This package contains information about all flights that departed from NYC (i.e., EWR, JFK and LGA) in 2013: 336,776 flights with 16 variables.Contains monthly atmospheric measurements from Jan 1995 to Dec 2000 on 24 x 24 grid over Central America. nasaweather::atmos: Data from the 2006 ASA data expo.(Source: Environmental protection agency) fueleconomy::vehicles: Fuel economy data for all cars sold in the US from 1984 to 2015.(Source: Social security administration). All names used 5 or more times are included. babynames::babynames: US baby name data for each year from 1880 to 2013, the number of children of each sex given each name.Most packages also include a number of supplementary datasets that provide additional information. The package source code (on github, linked above) is fully reproducible so that you can see some data tidying in action, or make your own modifications to the data.īelow, I’ve listed the primary dataset found in each package. The goal of these packages is to provide some interesting, and relatively large, datasets to demonstrate various data analysis challenges in R. I’ve released four new data packages to CRAN: babynames, fueleconomy, nasaweather and nycflights13. ![]() In such a case, the worker would be entitled to recover unpaid overtime wages at time and a half as well as the premium penalty for the missed meal break. When an employee is told to clock out for a meal break but is required to keep working, the employee may end up working more than 8 hours a day or 40 hours a week. Note that overtime claims can sometimes be implicated in meal break cases. Violation of Lunch Break Laws & Additional Overtime Claims ![]() Every day the employee misses a meal break counts as a separate violation of the law. If the shift exceeds 10 hours, a second meal period is required, though the employee may choose to waive this second meal break if the workday is no longer than 12 hours and they did not waive the first meal break.įor a violation of this law, the employee is entitled to be paid for the missed break plus a premium of one hour of pay at the regular rate. The meal break should be taken within the first 5 hours of work, and it is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that the meal break is taken on time. During this time, the employee is to be relieved of all duties and is free to leave the premises. In California, anytime an employee works more than 5 hours, they are entitled to a 30-minute unpaid meal break. Schedule a free consultation with Gaines & Gaines online or call (866) 400-4450 to get started on your meal and rest break violation case. With over five decades of professional experience, we know how to strategize an effective case for compensation and will advocate firmly for your rights as an employee. Our Calabasas employment lawyers at Gaines & Gaines represent workers all over California who have been denied the meal breaks and rest periods to which they are entitled. ![]()
Download linkĭownload Oxygen XML Editor 25.1 Build 2023042509 圆4ĭownload Oxygen XML Editor 24.1 Build 20222062007ĭownload Oxygen XML Editor 23.1 Build 2021040908 圆4 Multilingualĭownload Oxygen XML Editor 23.1 Build 2021040908 Multilingual macOSĭownload Oxygen_XML_Editor_21. See the Readme.txt file in the Crack folder. Java Runtime Environment Installed Pictures Hard disk space: minimum – 300 MB free disk space / recommended – 500 MB free disk space Ability to convert XML files to the new JSON formatĬPU (processor): Intel Pentium III / AMD Athlon class 500 Mhz processorĬomputer memory: minimum – 512 MB of RAM / recommended – 2 GB of RAM Download oXygen XML Editor 18.Tree View synchronized with Node Text View for quick editing of node names and values. XSLT & XQuery Debugging modes for complete control of troubleshooting operations There have been over 3 million downloads since then - so thanks to everyone who tried it out Handy features include: Ability to load.Validation system for sorting and troubleshooting XML code.Ability to connect software to popular XML databases, content management systems and WebDAV. ![]() Ability to collaborate between multiple authors to share tasks.Export and share settings and files in PDF, ePUB, HTML and more….User-friendly editing and troubleshooting tools. ![]() Another feature of this software is XML to JSON that allows you to convert XML files to JSON format with JSON code structure. With Oxygen XML Editor you can easily create sample and XML ready files to avoid wasting time. In the left menu of the software you can access all working projects. You can then expand or shrink these tables to address each individual element. Using the Grid editor you can display the XML file as a grid of nested tables. In Text Editing mode, you can access all the usual operations such as copy and paste in the toolbar menu and access them with keyboard shortcuts. Supports visual XML editing driven by CSS stylesheets with specializations for DITA, DocBook 4 and. The software has different perspectives for your convenience, but you can customize the different parts of the software and create a custom vision at the end of your operation. oXygen XML Author is a multi platform Visual XML Editor. ![]() In Oxygen XML Editor you can test and troubleshoot all documents and style sheets containing complex expressions. It provides the tools needed to work with a wide range of XML technologies and standards. Oxygen XML Editor is a powerful software for editing and troubleshooting XML code that helps developers and writers deal with multiple XML files. ![]() But I thought now was a good time to say that I didn’t cheat on my ex. Before long, rumours began circulating that Stormzy had been unfaithful to her with R&B megastar Jorja Smith – something he has repeatedly and strenuously denied.Īfter admitting he committed a “big disrespect”, he stated, “It didn’t need for it to be cheating for it to be a disrespect. They have an asking price in mind for him and they’re refusing to budge off it. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. ![]() He gushed, “I’m still so young but I want to propose, it’s going to happen and I will do it right.”īut despite the singer’s grand plans for their future, he and Maya broke up in 2019 and she moved out of the south-west London home they shared. Ben Simmons’ Girlfriend Maya Jama Responds Amid 76ers Drama (Video) Ben Simmons is locked in a brutal stalemate with the Philadelphia 76ers. ET An ad blocker has likely prevented this video content from loading. But it was Ben’s tattoo artist that seemingly let the cat out of the bag when he posted and then deleted on Philly Joe 215 Tattoo Studio's. – made it clear he envisioned a long-term future with presenter Maya as he let his hair down at the GQ Men Of The Year awards. Rumours that Maya had got engaged to her basketball boyfriend Ben Simmons had been rife since December 2021, after reports emerged that he popped the question over Christmas. In August 2022, it was understood that the pair had called it quits on their relationship, but in a new interview, the presenter said she had been single for only a month. ![]() Two years into their high-profile relationship, Stormzy – whose real name is Michael Ebenezer Kwadjo Omari Owuo Jr. Maya Jama has confirmed her split with Ben Simmons, after months of speculation that the pair had gone their separate ways. Benett/Dave Benett/Getty Images for Spotify When did Maya Jama start dating Ben Simmons Its believed that Maya and the NBA player first began dating in May 2021 before making it official two months later. Reportedly the legal documents came as a surprise to Maya but she seems more than willing to return the ring.MENORCA, SPAIN - JULY 26: Stormzy and Maya Jama speak before cutting his cake, as Spotify Premium throws the ultimate party in Stormzy and Maya together in 2018 ©David M. Maya is making arrangements to return the ring to Ben and wishes him all the best. This was the first time that she has been asked by Ben to return it and, for the avoidance of any doubt, she has never refused to return it. “Maya received a request from Ben’s representatives on Friday afternoon, asking her to return the engagement ring that he gave her as a gift last year,” reports The Mail. Ben reportedly sent legal documents in an effort to have the $1M engagement ring he purchased returned from Maya. While the split between Ben Simmions and Maya Jama seemed amicable, one issue is still present according to the DailyMail. Ben Simmon Reportedly Sent Ex-Fiancée Maya Jama Legal Notice Demanding The $1M Engagement Ring Back Maya Jama: 15 facts about the Love Island host. ![]() While he regained his footing on the court his personal life deteriorated and his relationship with Maya ended reportedly due to the couple’s demanding careers and the strain of long-distance dating. While Ben found a new home in New York City by joining the Brooklyn Nets, this suddenly changed. Executives and managers seeking to advance their skills and multiply value in their careers.Professionals, including Data Analysts, Financial Analysts, and Accountants. ![]() If you are interested in developing skills in MS Excel.This tool is used by almost every business, from small to large, and individuals for data analysis, visualisation, making graphs, presentations, and more Who Can Pursue Microsoft Excel Courses?Īnyone can pursue online Microsoft free certification courses. View List of all Online Courses and CertificationsĪs the most widely used tool, Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet mainly used to organise business data and perform routine analysis.Online Short Term Courses and Certifications.You can make a career as an accountant, retail manager, cost estimator, financial analyst, project manager, business analyst, and more with Microsoft free certification courses. Mastering the right Excel certifications can enhance your career prospects and make you a valuable asset to your organisation. The best Excel courses are designed to impart advanced skills that help you master advanced tools and features in Excel. However, you must be aware of the latest technology and software. To pursue Microsoft Excel courses online, you do not need to possess advanced professional or academic qualifications. You can also opt for the free Excel courses with certificate. These Microsoft Excel training courses are available from top institutes worldwide. The best part is that you can access and learn online Microsoft Excel courses from anywhere at your own pace. ![]() Today, there are various online resources available that can intensify your proficiency in Microsoft Excel. Having relevant skills in Excel can set you unique from others and increase your employability. Microsoft Excel is a popular tool designed for Windows, Android, macOS, and iOS. From freshers to professionals and experts, almost everyone uses Microsoft Excel nowadays. ![]() The inclusion of an appraisal of body habitus in the methodology considerably improved the accuracy of weight estimation.Ĭopyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 1 small and 1 large set of Magill Forceps. Infant, child and small adult blood pressure cuffs. Modules for intubation, intravenous, oxygen and intraosseous procedures. The PAWPER tape has been shown to be a simple and reliable method of weight estimation in children and infants. Each Broselow Pediatric Emergency Kit includes: Color-coded Broselow emergency tape sizing guide. 4.5% for the Broselow tape and PAWPER tape, respectively (p20 kg, and in children above or below average weight-for-length. 0% and the root mean squared percentage error was 9.1% vs. The PAWPER tape performed well, and better than the Broselow tape in every analysis performed. These weight estimates were then compared against measured weight to determine the bias and precision of the estimation techniques. Each child had their weight estimated by both the Broselow tape and the PAWPER tape. ![]() This was a prospective study in the Emergency Departments of two hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa on a population of children aged from 1 month to 12 years. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the PAWPER tape, a new two-step weight-estimation tape device which employs a length-based habitus-modified weight estimation system. Where the Broselow Tape is not available, the original Advanced Paediatric Life Support formula should be used.Weight estimations in children, which are required when actual weight cannot be measured, are often very inaccurate because of variations in body habitus not accounted for in the estimating methodology. The Broselow Tape, also called the Broselow pediatric emergency tape, is a color-coded length-based tape measure that is used throughout the world for pediatric emergencies. Locally, and until we have evidence from further research that other methods are superior, we would advise use of the 1998 Broselow Tape in children aged one to ten years old. The 1998 version performed best with 84.8% of estimates within 20% of actual weight.DiscussionThis study is the first to compare paediatric weight estimation methods in Rwanda. All editions of the Broselow Tape performed better than age-based rules. Both were better than other age-based formulae (69% of estimates within 20% of actual weight). This formula and the original Advanced Paediatric Life Support formula (weight = + 8) performed similarly. The derived Rwanda Rule was: weight (kg) = + 8. Weight estimations were then compared with actual weight using Bland-Altman analysis, and the proportions of estimates within 10 and 20% of actual weight.ResultsThere were 327 children included in the study. Linear regression was used to derive a new age-based weight estimation formula, the Rwanda Rule. Weights were estimated using four versions of the Broselow Tape and several age-based formulae. It is designed for children up to approximately 12 years old with a maximum weight of roughly 36 kg. ![]() This study aimed to compare the accuracy of various weight estimation methods and to derive a dedicated age-based tool within a Rwandan setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using age, weight and height data from randomly selected charts of Rwandan children, aged between one and ten years, who attended the paediatric emergency centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali, Rwanda. The Broselow pediatric emergency tape, also known as the Broselow tape (BT), is a color-coded tape that is designed to estimate a child's weight, ET size, LMA size, and emergency drugs based on length. The most common methods for paediatric weight estimation are based on height or age. However, knowledge of the weight is often unavailable as the urgency of the situation may impede measurement. IntroductionMost drugs, fluids and ventilator settings depend on the weight of a paediatric patient. |
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